Sources

692 sources behind the catalog, each with the date we retrieved or checked it. Ratings and results belong to the agencies and publishers that produce them.

Government and rating agencies

CDC / NIOSH: About noise: everyday sound levels in decibels (2026-10)
eCFR: 49 CFR 571.111, FMVSS 111 Rear visibility (S14 test objects) (2026-09)
Euro NCAP: Porsche Macan (electric) 2024 assessment, tested Macan 4 Electric (2026-09)
IEC 61672-1 (via PMC4331191): A-frequency-weighting formula, sound level meters (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Audi Q3 ratings (apply to 2026–27 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 BMW X3 ratings (apply to 2025–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 crew cab pickup ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Chevrolet Traverse ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Ford Explorer 4-door SUV ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Ford F-150 crew cab pickup ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Honda Accord ratings (crash tests apply to 2023–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Honda Civic 4-door sedan ratings (crash tests apply to 2022–26, side test to 2025–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Honda CR-V ratings (crash tests apply to 2023–27 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Honda Prologue ratings (crash tests apply to 2024–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Hyundai Ioniq 5 ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Hyundai Palisade ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Hyundai Tucson ratings (crash tests apply to 2022–26; headlights to 2025–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Lexus RX ratings (crash tests apply to 2023–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Lexus TX ratings (small overlap only, from Grand Highlander tests) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Mazda CX-5 ratings (redesigned for 2026) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Mazda CX-50 ratings (crash tests apply to 2023–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC 4-door SUV ratings (apply to 2023–26 / 2024–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Subaru Forester ratings (moderate overlap applies to 2026 only; other crash tests to 2025–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Tesla Cybertruck crew cab pickup ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Tesla Model 3 ratings (applies to 2025–27 models) (2026-09)
IIHS: 2026 Tesla Model Y ratings (applies to 2026–27 models) (2026-09)
IIHS: 2026 Top Safety Picks: Tesla (no Model 3) (2026-09)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Camry ratings (apply to 2025–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Corolla 4-door sedan ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Crown ratings (crash tests apply to 2023–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander ratings (crash tests apply to 2024–26 or 2025–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser ratings (crash tests and headlights apply to 2025–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Toyota Tacoma crew cab pickup ratings (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan ratings (apply to 2025–26 models) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Volvo EX40 ratings (small overlap tests of a 2021 XC40 Recharge apply to 2025–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2026 Volvo XC60 ratings (crash tests apply to 2018–26 models) (2026-09)
IIHS: 2026 Volvo XC90 Plug-In Hybrid ratings (moderate overlap applies to 2025–26 built after December 2024) (2026-09)
IIHS: 2026 Volvo XC90 ratings (moderate overlap applies to 2025–26 built after December 2024) (2026-09)
IIHS: 2027 Kia Telluride ratings (small overlap and side from the 2026 Hyundai Palisade) (2026-10)
IIHS: 2027 Tesla Model Y ratings (regular wheelbase; no Model Y L rating) (2026-10)
IIHS: About our tests: headlights (2026-09)
IIHS: BMW X5 ratings (latest rated: 2026, previous generation) (2026-10)
IIHS: Four more models take home Top Safety Pick+ awards (Jul 9, 2026) (2026-07)
IIHS: Headlight Test and Rating Protocol, version III (5-lux distances, targets and demerits) (2018-07)
IIHS: IIHS pushes improvements in crash avoidance with 2026 awards (Mar 24, 2026) (2026-03)
IIHS: New IIHS measurement technique points to growth in vehicle blind zones (2025-03)
IIHS: Nine additional models qualify for IIHS awards (2025–26 Corolla Cross: 2025 Top Safety Pick) (2025-10)
IIHS: Sixteen more models finish 2025 with IIHS accolades (2025 Model 3: Top Safety Pick) (2025-12)
IIHS: Tesla Model S ratings (latest rated: 2021) (2026-10)
IIHS: Toyota RAV4 ratings (latest rated: 2025, previous generation) (2026-09)
IIHS: Two additional models earn awards in latest IIHS ratings (2026 Palisade built after November 2025: Top Safety Pick+, May 14, 2026) (2026-05)
IIHS: Two additional models garner Top Safety Pick+ awards (Sep 3, 2026) (2026-09)
IIHS: Vehicle ratings search (no Chevrolet Equinox EV entry for 2024–26) (2026-10)
IIHS: Vehicle ratings search (no Tesla Model X or Porsche Macan Electric entry) (2026-09)
IIHS: Vehicles with big blind zones spell danger to pedestrians during left turns (2025-11)
IRS: Clean vehicle credit: not available for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025 (2025-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2023 Mazda CX-50 SUV AWD (VehicleId 17241): 15.5% rollover risk (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2025 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid SUV AWD (VehicleId 20564): 17.4% rollover risk (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2025 Hyundai Tucson SUV AWD (VehicleId 20563): 17.4% rollover risk (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2025 Mazda CX-5 SUV AWD, previous generation (VehicleId 20108): 16.9% rollover risk (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Audi Q3 SUV AWD (VehicleId 21012, not rated) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 BMW X3 SUV N/A AWD (VehicleId 21368) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Chevrolet Equinox EV SUV BEV AWD (VehicleId 21825) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Chevrolet Equinox EV SUV BEV FWD (VehicleId 21824) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Crew Cab PU 4WD (VehicleId 21857) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Chevrolet Traverse SUV ICE AWD (VehicleId 21869) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Ford Explorer Gas SUV 4WD (VehicleId 21405) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Ford F-150 (SuperCrew) gas 4WD (VehicleId 21411) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Ford F-150 (SuperCrew) HEV 4WD (VehicleId 21412) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda Accord Hybrid 4-door HEV FWD (VehicleId 22062) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda Accord Sedan 4-door FWD (VehicleId 22063) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda Civic Sedan 4-door FWD (VehicleId 20894) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda Civic Sedan Hybrid 4-door HEV FWD (VehicleId 20895) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda CR-V Hybrid SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 20888) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda CR-V SUV AWD (VehicleId 20886) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda Prologue SUV BEV AWD (VehicleId 20907) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Honda Prologue SUV BEV FWD (VehicleId 20906) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Hyundai Ioniq 5 N SUV BEV AWD (VehicleId 21154, not rated) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Hyundai Ioniq 5 SUV BEV AWD (VehicleId 21153) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Hyundai Palisade Hybrid SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21139) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Hyundai Palisade SUV AWD (VehicleId 21136) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid: no vehicles listed (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Hyundai Tucson: no vehicles listed (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Lexus RX 350 SUV AWD (VehicleId 21620) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Lexus RX 350h SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21621) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Lexus TX 350 SUV AWD (VehicleId 21637) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Lexus TX 500h SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21638) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Mazda CX-5 SUV ICE AWD (VehicleId 23019): not rated (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Mazda CX-50 SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21115) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Mazda CX-50 SUV N/A AWD (VehicleId 21114) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC PHEV SUV AWD (VehicleId 22010, not rated) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC SUV AWD (VehicleId 22009, not rated) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Porsche: no vehicles listed (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Subaru Forester Hybrid SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21698) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Subaru Forester SUV AWD (VehicleId 21696) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Cybertruck PU/CC BEV AWD (VehicleId 22075) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Model 3 4-door BEV AWD (VehicleId 22554) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Model 3 4-door BEV RWD (VehicleId 22553) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Model S 5 HB BEV AWD (VehicleId 22073): rollover only (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Model X SUV AWD (VehicleId 22074): rollover only (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Model Y SUV AWD (VehicleId 22140) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Tesla Model Y SUV RWD (VehicleId 22141) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Camry Hybrid 4-door HEV AWD (VehicleId 21641) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Camry Hybrid 4-door HEV FWD (VehicleId 21640) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Corolla 4-door FWD (VehicleId 21642) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21649) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross SUV AWD (VehicleId 21648) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Corolla Hybrid 4-door HEV AWD (VehicleId 21644) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Crown Hybrid 4-door HEV AWD (VehicleId 21680) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 21685) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander SUV AWD (VehicleId 21683) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser SUV HEV 4WD (VehicleId 21659) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid listings (VehicleIds 22557, 22558): not rated (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid listing (VehicleId 22559): not rated (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Tacoma Hybrid PU/CC (Double Cab) HEV 4WD (VehicleId 21678) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Toyota Tacoma PU/CC (Double Cab) 4WD (VehicleId 21675) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan SUV AWD (VehicleId 21045) (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volvo EX40 SUV BEV AWD (VehicleId 20872), not rated (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volvo EX40 SUV BEV RWD (VehicleId 20871), not rated (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volvo XC60 SUV MHEV AWD (VehicleId 20876) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volvo XC60 T8 SUV PHEV AWD (VehicleId 20877) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volvo XC90 SUV MHEV AWD (VehicleId 20880) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2026 Volvo XC90 T8 SUV PHEV AWD (VehicleId 20881) (2026-09)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2027 BMW: no vehicles listed (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2027 Kia Telluride Hybrid SUV HEV AWD (VehicleId 22643): not rated (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2027 Kia Telluride SUV ICE AWD (VehicleId 22645): not rated (2026-10)
NHTSA 5-Star Safety Ratings: 2027 Tesla Model Y L SUV BEV AWD (VehicleId 23107): not rated (2026-10)
SAE Int. J. Transp. Safety (Volpe Center, IIHS): Epstein et al., Longitudinal analysis of forward blind zone changes in popular vehicle models (1997–2023) (2025-03)
SAE International: J2841 Utility factor definitions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2010-09)
Transport Canada (via NHTSA vPIC): Canadian Vehicle Specifications, 2026 Ford Explorer 4dr SUV (overhangs, track, curb weight, weight distribution) (2026-10)
US DOE (fueleconomy.gov): How hybrids work (2026-10)
US DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center: How do all-electric cars work? (2026-10)
US EIA: Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A: average residential price (2026-09)
US EIA: Gasoline and diesel fuel update: US regular retail price (2026-09)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2025 (previous-generation CX-5 2.5 L coastdown targets) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Accord coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Chevrolet Traverse AWD and FWD coastdown targets) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Civic 4Dr coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Corolla coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Corolla Cross coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (CR-V coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Crown AWD 2.5 L hybrid and 2.4 L turbo coastdown targets and axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (CX-50 coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Cybertruck AWD coastdown targets and rated horsepower) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Equinox EV coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (F-150 3.5 L 4WD, Tremor and HEV coastdown targets, axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Ford Explorer coastdown targets) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Forester coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (GLC 300 4MATIC and GLC 350 e 4MATIC coastdown targets, axle ratio, N/V) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Grand Highlander coastdown targets and axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Hyundai Palisade and Palisade Hybrid coastdown targets) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Land Cruiser coastdown targets, axle ratio, N/V) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Lexus RX 350 AWD and RX 350h AWD coastdown targets and axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Lexus TX 350 AWD and TX 500h coastdown targets and axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Palisade and Palisade Hybrid coastdown targets and axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Prologue coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Q3 coastdown targets, axle ratio, N/V) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Tacoma 4WD and Tacoma Hybrid 4WD coastdown targets, axle ratios) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Tiguan coastdown targets, axle ratio, N/V) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (Tucson and Tucson Hybrid coastdown targets) (2026-01)
US EPA: Data on cars used for testing fuel economy, MY2026 (X3 coastdown targets, axle ratio, N/V) (2026-01)
US EPA: Model year 2026 test car list (coastdown target coefficients) (2026-01)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLC350e 4matic ratings (latest listed) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Audi Q3 ratings (id 50116) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 BMW X3 M50 ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 BMW X3 xDrive30 ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD (11 kW charger) ratings (id 49955) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD ratings (id 49953) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Chevrolet Silverado 4WD 5.3 L with Sport Mode (id 49389) and Silverado 4WD ZR2 6.2 L (id 49386) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Chevrolet Traverse AWD (id 49574) and FWD ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Ford Explorer AWD 2.3 L (id 49907) and 3.0 L (id 49906) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Ford F150 Pickup 4WD 3.5 L (id 50099) and F150 Pickup 4WD HEV (id 50097) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Honda Accord 1.5 L turbo (id 50070) and Accord Hybrid Sport/Touring (id 50056) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Honda Civic 4Dr: LX (id 49287), Sport AV-S7 (id 49288) and Hybrid (id 49289) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Honda CR-V AWD (1.5 L turbo, id 49487) and CR-V Hybrid AWD (id 49488) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Honda Prologue FWD, AWD Touring and AWD Elite ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Hyundai Ioniq 5 AWD (20-inch wheels) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Hyundai Ioniq 5 N ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Hyundai Palisade AWD (id 49581) and Palisade Hybrid AWD (id 49583) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Hyundai Tucson AWD (id 49500) and Tucson Hybrid AWD (id 49498) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Lexus RX 350 AWD (id 49858) and RX 350h AWD (id 49857) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Lexus TX 350 AWD (id 49924) and TX 500h AWD (id 49923) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Mazda CX-5 4WD 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) ratings (id 50290) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Mazda CX-50 4WD 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Mazda CX-50 4WD Hybrid ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC300 4matic ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Porsche Macan 4 Electric (20-in wheels) ratings (2026-06)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Subaru Forester AWD (id 49532) and Forester Hybrid AWD (id 50131) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Cybertruck AWD ratings (id 50039) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model 3 Performance AWD ratings (314 mi entry) (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model 3 Performance ratings (309 mi entry) (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model 3 Premium AWD ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model 3 Premium RWD ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model 3 Standard RWD ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model S Plaid (21in wheels) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model S Plaid ratings (19-in wheels) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model S ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model X AWD ratings (2026-02)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Tesla Model Y ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Camry HEV AWD XSE ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Camry HEV FF LE ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Corolla (LE) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross AWD ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid AWD ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Corolla Hybrid SE AWD ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Crown AWD 2.4 L turbo Hybrid MAX ratings (id 49820) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Crown Hybrid AWD ratings (id 49297) (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander AWD LE/XLE (id 49938) and Hybrid MAX AWD (id 49937) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser Hybrid 4WD ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota RAV4 ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Toyota Tacoma SR5/Sport/Off-Road/Limited 4WD (id 50088) and Tacoma Hybrid 4WD (id 50109) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan 4motion (201 hp) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan SEL 4Motion (268-hp SEL R-Line Turbo) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Volvo EX40 and EX40 Twin ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Volvo XC60 B5 AWD and T8 AWD ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2026 Volvo XC90 B5, B6 and T8 ratings (2026-09)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2027 BMW X5 40 xDrive ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2027 Kia Telluride AWD (id 50436) and Telluride Hybrid AWD (id 50437) ratings (2026-10)
US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 2027 Tesla Model Y L (20in Wheels), id 50862 (2026-10)

Instrumented tests and reviews

Car and Driver: 2019 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 5.3L V-8 Tested (RST 4WD Crew Cab) (2018-11)
Car and Driver: 2019 Chevrolet Silverado 2.7L Turbo Four Tested (RST 4WD Double Cab; 65 dBA at 70 mph) (2019-02)
Car and Driver: 2019 Honda Insight vs. 2020 Toyota Corolla Hybrid (Hybrid LE; interior sound levels) (2019-07)
Car and Driver: 2020 Ford Explorer vs. 2020 Kia Telluride: comparison test (Explorer XLT AWD 2.3 L test data) (2019-10)
Car and Driver: 2021 Ford F-150 Tremor tested (3.5 L EcoBoost, SuperCrew 4x4 5.5-ft) (2021-12)
Car and Driver: 2022 Ford Explorer Timberline by the numbers (2.3 L 4WD test data) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2023 Honda Accord Touring Hybrid long-term test: 40,000-mile verdict (75-mph highway test) (2024-12)
Car and Driver: 2023 Toyota Corolla Hybrid SE AWD Is a Four-Season Fuel Miser (2022-10)
Car and Driver: 2024 Tesla Model 3 Performance Tested: Blast Off (2024-10)
Car and Driver: 2024 Toyota Tacoma Hybrid tested (TRD Off-Road and TRD Pro i-FORCE MAX) (2024-11)
Car and Driver: 2024 Toyota Tacoma TRD Off-Road vs. 2023 Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 comparison test (2024)
Car and Driver: 2025 Ford F-150 Hybrid vs. 2025 Ram 1500 comparison test (2025-04)
Car and Driver: 2025 Honda Accord vs. 2025 Toyota Camry compared (instrumented test of a 2024 Accord Sport Hybrid) (2024-12)
Car and Driver: 2025 hybrid sedan comparison: Camry, Accord Touring, Sonata (2025-02)
Car and Driver: 2025 hybrid-sedan comparison: Accord Touring vs. Camry XLE AWD vs. Sonata Limited (2025-02)
Car and Driver: 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLC350e Tested: You Really Need to Plug It In (2024-11)
Car and Driver: 2025 Subaru Forester Hybrid drive, with instrumented test results (Touring Hybrid) (2025-04)
Car and Driver: 2025 Subaru Forester Sport long-term test (new and 40,000-mile results) (2026-09)
Car and Driver: 2026 BMW X3 M50 vs. 2027 Mercedes-AMG GLC53 Comparison Test (2026-09)
Car and Driver: 2026 BMW X3 review (no significant changes for 2026; $52,650–$67,850 with destination) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Ford Explorer ST vs. 2026 Mazda CX-90 Turbo S Premium Plus: comparison test (ST 4WD test data) (2026-05)
Car and Driver: 2026 Honda Accord review (2023 Accord EX 1.5T test results, 75-mph highway test) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Honda CR-V EX-L vs. 2026 Mazda CX-5 Premium Plus comparison test (EX-L AWD) (2026-07)
Car and Driver: 2026 Honda CR-V review (2023 EX-L AWD test results, 75-mph highway test) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Honda CR-V TrailSport Hybrid drive, updated with instrumented test results (2025-12)
Car and Driver: 2026 Hyundai Palisade V-6 Is Much Slower Than Its Predecessor (tested 2026 Palisade XRT PRO AWD) (2025-11)
Car and Driver: 2026 Hyundai Tucson review (Tucson XRT 75-mph highway test) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Lexus RX review, pricing and specs (RX 350 not yet instrument-tested; towing) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Mazda CX-50 Meridian Edition Tested: Mostly for Show with Adequate Go (2.5 S Meridian Edition) (2025-12)
Car and Driver: 2026 Mazda CX-50 review (2024 Turbo Premium Plus test results, 75-mph highway test) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC350e review (75-mph highway test 32 mpg / 75 MPGe, 58-mile range test; no meaningful changes for 2026) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Tesla Cybertruck base AWD details ($1,995 destination, $250 order fee) (2026-02)
Car and Driver: 2026 Tesla Model S Plaid Tested: Running in Place (2025-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Tesla Model Y review and instrumented tests (Premium RWD, Long Range AWD) (2026-09)
Car and Driver: 2026 Tesla Model Y vs. 2025 Hyundai Ioniq 5 comparison test (Long Range RWD) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Toyota Camry Nightshade Test: Mainstream Favorite (Nightshade FWD) (2026-01)
Car and Driver: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross Drive: Barely Moving the Needle (motor outputs; no mechanical changes) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Toyota RAV4 Woodland PHEV tested (2026-05)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan review (75-mph highway fuel economy: SEL R-Line Turbo 31 mpg, SEL R-Line 32 mpg) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volvo XC60 Hybrid review (75-mph highway and EV range tests) (2026-09)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volvo XC60 review, pricing and specs (B5 not yet tested) (2026-09)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volvo XC90 B6 AWD Ultra long-term test (instrumented results) (2026-08)
Car and Driver: 2027 BMW X5 Prototype Drive: EV Power Rises to the Top (no instrumented test) (2026-06)
Car and Driver: 2027 Kia Telluride Tested: Is the Sequel as Good as the Original? (X-Line SX Prestige AWD) (2026-03)
Car and Driver: 2027 Kia Telluride X-Pro Test: Future-Proofed (X-Pro SX Prestige) (2026-08)
Car and Driver: 2027 Kia Telluride’s Turbo Four Tests Better Than the Hyundai Palisade’s V-6 (both test cars’ data) (2026-03)
Car and Driver: 2027 Kia Telluride’s Turbo Four Tests Better Than the Hyundai Palisade’s V-6 (tested 2026 Palisade Calligraphy AWD) (2026-03)
Car and Driver: Chevrolet Silverado 1500 review (75-mph highway fuel economy of the 5.3 L V8) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: Chevrolet Silverado EV vs. Tesla Cybertruck (tested 2024 Cybertruck AWD Foundation Series) (2024-09)
Car and Driver: Compact-sedan comparison: 2022 Civic vs. 2021 Elantra, Mazda 3, Sentra, Corolla XSE Apex, Jetta (2021-09)
Car and Driver: Comparison Test: $30,000 Small Cars (2026 Civic Sport Hybrid hatchback) (2026-05)
Car and Driver: Comparison test: 2021 Ford F-150 PowerBoost vs. 2022 Ram 1500 vs. 2022 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro (2022-09)
Car and Driver: Comparison test: CR-V Hybrid, CX-50 Hybrid, Forester Hybrid, RAV4 Hybrid (2026 CR-V Sport Touring Hybrid AWD) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: How we measure interior noise: decibels and sones (2025-10)
Car and Driver: Long-Term 2024 Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Limited: 40,000-mile wrap-up (instrumented results new and at 40K) (2025-09)
Car and Driver: Long-Term 2026 Hyundai Palisade Hybrid Calligraphy AWD: 10,000-mile update (instrumented results when new) (2026-07)
Car and Driver: Mazda CX-5 review (75-mph highway test not yet run on the 2026) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: Quietest cars we’ve tested (2024 Equinox EV 2LT AWD: 65 dBA at 70 mph) (2025-03)
Car and Driver: Tesla Cybertruck aerodynamics: how the tonneau cover and wheel covers affect range (2024-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2018 Volvo XC60 T5 AWD (2018-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2020 Toyota Corolla Sedan (XSE) (2019-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2022 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 ZR2 Climbs into the Ring (2022-11)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2022 Honda Civic Sport Keeps It Simple (previous 158-hp 2.0 L, 75-mph highway test) (2022-03)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2022 Hyundai Tucson 2.5L Is Dazzling but Slow (Limited AWD) (2021-06)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2022 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid Aids Mileage and Performance (Limited AWD) (2021-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2022 Toyota Corolla Cross Aims for Mass Appeal (XLE AWD) (2021-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2023 Honda Accord Touring (hybrid) (2023-02)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2023 Mercedes-Benz GLC300 4Matic Adds Junk to the Trunk (2023-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid (XSE) (2023-04)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2023 Toyota Crown Courts Controversy (Limited and Platinum Hybrid Max) (2023-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV Averages Out (3RS FWD and 2LT AWD) (2024-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Chevrolet Traverse Is Large but Lacks Charisma (RS AWD) (2024-09)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Honda Prologue Is a Better EV Than It Is a Honda (Elite AWD) (2024-06)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Lexus TX Elbows Its Way into the Three-Row SUV Scene (TX350 FWD test results) (2023-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Lexus TX500h Offers Large-Family Largesse (F Sport Performance Luxury AWD) (2023-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Tesla Cybertruck Cyberbeast (Foundation Series) (2024-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Tesla Model 3 Long Range RWD (now Premium RWD) (2024-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Toyota Land Cruiser First Edition (2024-07)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Toyota Tacoma Is No Longer a Dinosaur (TRD Off-Road Double Cab, 8-speed automatic) (2023-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2024 Volvo XC40 Recharge Single Motor (2024-01)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 BMW X3 30 xDrive Rests on Its Laurels but Remains Appealing (2025-07)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 BMW X3 M50 Discovers a Softer Side (2025-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Buick Enclave Is a Big, Cushy Family Cruiser (Avenir FWD, 75-mph highway test) (2024-12)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Ford Explorer ST (ST 4WD test data) (2024-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Ford F-150 XLT Hybrid (XLT SuperCrew 4x4 PowerBoost) (2025-04)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Honda Civic Hybrid Makes the Choice for You (Sport Touring Hybrid sedan) (2024-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Honda Civic Sport Is Satisfying but Not Speedy (Sport sedan, 2.0 L CVT) (2024-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Hyundai Ioniq 5 N (2024-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Mazda CX-50 Hybrid Has a Toyota Heart (Hybrid Premium Plus) (2024-11)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Porsche Macan Electric (Macan 4, 22-in wheels) (2025-07)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Subaru Forester Sport (2024-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Tesla Cybertruck Long Range RWD (interior sound levels) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Toyota Camry Carefully Evolves (XSE AWD) (2024-07)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Volkswagen Tiguan Aims to Be Just Right (SEL R-Line 4Motion) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Volvo EX40 Twin Motor Ultra (2025-03)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2025 Volvo XC90 (2025.5 B6 Ultra and T8 Ultra instrumented tests) (2025-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Hyundai Palisade Hybrid Adds Power and Parsimony (preproduction Hybrid Calligraphy AWD) (2025-11)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Lexus RX350h Takes It Easy (RX350h F Sport Design AWD) (2026-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Mazda CX-5 Escalates a Sibling Rivalry (2.5 S Premium Plus, instrumented results) (2026-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Tesla Model X Still Wows (AWD, six seats) (2025-11)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Tesla Model Y Long Range AWD (2025-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Tesla Model Y Performance (2026-09)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Tesla Model Y Standard (RWD and AWD), interior sound (2026-07)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Tesla Model Y vs. 2025 Hyundai Ioniq 5 (Limited AWD instrumented test) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid Is Functional but Lacks Personality (Hybrid XSE AWD) (2026-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Toyota RAV4 GR Sport plug-in hybrid (2026-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid (Limited AWD) (2025-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan SEL R-Line Turbo Is the One to Get (2025-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2026 Volvo XC60 (T8 AWD Ultra Plug-In Hybrid) (2025-08)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2027 Kia Telluride Hybrid Is the High Point of the New Lineup (Hybrid SX Prestige AWD) (2026-04)
Car and Driver: Tested: 2027 Tesla Model Y L Reinvents the Station Wagon (Premium AWD Launch Series) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: Tested: Entry-Level 2026 Tesla Model 3 RWD (formerly Standard) (2026-05)
Car and Driver: Tested: The 2026 Audi Q3 Is Ready for a Bigger Role (S line quattro) (2026-03)
Car and Driver: Tested: The Larger 2024 Toyota Grand Highlander Hits the Mark (XLE AWD and Hybrid Max Platinum) (2023-08)
Car and Driver Japan: Tesla Model Y L first drive (Cd 0.216) (2026-07)
Consumer Reports: Tesla Model S road test report (Long Range, 70-mph highway range) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2018 Volvo XC60 T5 and T6 First Test (2017-10)
MotorTrend: 2019 Chevrolet Silverado First Test: Pencils Down (RST 5.3, LT Trail Boss, High Country) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2020 Toyota Corolla XSE First Test (2019-07)
MotorTrend: 2021 Ford F-150 XLT SuperCrew 4x4 First Test (3.5 L EcoBoost, weights and distribution) (2022-03)
MotorTrend: 2022 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 ZR2 First Test Review: Lurking in the Shadows of Giants (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2022 Tesla Model S Plaid First Test: 0–60 MPH in 1.98 Seconds (2021-06)
MotorTrend: 2022 Toyota Corolla Cross AWD XLE First Test (2022-06)
MotorTrend: 2023 Lexus RX SUV of the Year review (test data: RX 350 FWD, RX 350h, RX 500h) (2023-10)
MotorTrend: 2023 Lexus RX350 F Sport First Test (RX 350 AWD F Sport Handling) (2023-01)
MotorTrend: 2023 Lexus RX350h First Test (RX 350h Luxury AWD) (2023-10)
MotorTrend: 2023 Mazda CX-50 SUV of the Year review (2.5 S AWD and Turbo test results) (2022-10)
MotorTrend: 2023 Mercedes-Benz GLC300 4Matic First Test (2023-05)
MotorTrend: 2023 Toyota Corolla Hybrid AWD (SE) First Test (2023-03)
MotorTrend: 2023 Toyota Crown Platinum First Test Review: Better Than an SUV? (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2023 Volvo XC60 Recharge First Test (Ultimate) (2023-08)
MotorTrend: 2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD First Test (3RS) (2024-09)
MotorTrend: 2024 Chevrolet Traverse First Drive (Z71 lift, track, twin-clutch AWD and dampers) (2024)
MotorTrend: 2024 Honda Prologue First Test (AWD Elite) (2024-07)
MotorTrend: 2024 Lexus TX 500h F Sport First Test (F Sport Performance Luxury) (2023-12)
MotorTrend: 2024 Lexus TX350 AWD First Test: Cruiser, Not a Bruiser (TX 350 Luxury AWD) (2024-10)
MotorTrend: 2024 Lucid Air Sapphire vs. 2022 Tesla Model S Plaid comparison test (2024-02)
MotorTrend: 2024 Tesla Cybertruck Beast Tri-Motor Foundation Series First Test (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2024 Tesla Cybertruck vs. Rivian R1T vs. Ford F-150 Lightning comparison (Cybertruck AWD Foundation Series) (2024-03)
MotorTrend: 2024 Tesla Model 3 Long Range Dual Motor AWD First Test (European-spec prototype, summer tires) (2023-10)
MotorTrend: 2024 Toyota Crown Limited First Test Review: One Strange Sedan (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2024 Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Limited First Test (2023-08)
MotorTrend: 2024 Toyota Grand Highlander Turbo First Test (Platinum AWD) (2023-08)
MotorTrend: 2024 Toyota Land Cruiser First Edition First Test (2024-07)
MotorTrend: 2024 Toyota Tacoma Trailhunter First Test (2024-09)
MotorTrend: 2024 Volvo XC40 Recharge Single Motor First Test (Extended Range Ultimate) (2024-03)
MotorTrend: 2025 BMW X3 30 xDrive First Test (M Sport package, 21-in wheels) (2025-04)
MotorTrend: 2025 BMW X3 M50 First Test (2025-06)
MotorTrend: 2025 Chevrolet Equinox EV LT First Test (FWD, no options) (2025-04)
MotorTrend: 2025 Chevrolet Traverse High Country AWD First Test (2025-06)
MotorTrend: 2025 Ford Explorer Active RWD First Test (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2025 Ford Explorer ST AWD First Test (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2025 Hyundai Ioniq 5 N First Test (2024-05)
MotorTrend: 2025 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid First Test (Limited HTRAC) (2025-01)
MotorTrend: 2025 Hyundai Tucson XRT First Test (HTRAC AWD) (2025-01)
MotorTrend: 2025 Mazda CX-50 Hybrid (Premium Plus) First Test (2025-01)
MotorTrend: 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLC350e First Test (2025-02)
MotorTrend: 2025 Porsche Macan 4 Electric First Test (20-in wheels) (2025-06)
MotorTrend: 2025 Subaru Forester Sport first test (2024-07)
MotorTrend: 2025 Subaru Forester Sport Hybrid first test (2025-07)
MotorTrend: 2025 Toyota Camry SE (FWD) First Test (2024-07)
MotorTrend: 2025 Toyota Camry XSE AWD First Test (2024-10)
MotorTrend: 2025 Toyota Corolla FX First Test (2025-04)
MotorTrend: 2025 Toyota Land Cruiser 1958 First Test (2025-07)
MotorTrend: 2025 Toyota Land Cruiser long-term test verdict (instrumented results, weights) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2025 Volkswagen Tiguan 4Motion First Test (SEL R-Line 4Motion) (2025-07)
MotorTrend: 2025 Volvo EX40 Twin Motor First Test (Ultra) (2025-03)
MotorTrend: 2025.5 Volvo XC90 B6 First Test (2025-05)
MotorTrend: 2025.5 Volvo XC90 T8 AWD First Test (2025-06)
MotorTrend: 2026 Audi Q3 First Test: Proper Audi, Imperfect Luxury (S line quattro) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2026 Mazda CX-5 Yearlong Review: arrival and test results (2.5 S Premium Plus) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2026 SUV of the Year: Hyundai Palisade (tested Calligraphy AWD, Hybrid Calligraphy AWD and XRT PRO) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2026 Tesla Model 3 (Standard) RWD First Test (2026-09)
MotorTrend: 2026 Tesla Model 3 Performance First Test (all-season and summer tires) (2026-08)
MotorTrend: 2026 Tesla Model Y Performance First Test (2026-09)
MotorTrend: 2026 Tesla Model Y vs. 6 more EVs comparison (2025 Equinox EV LT spec box: 11.59:1 ratio, 38.1-ft turning circle) (2025-08)
MotorTrend: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid (XSE) First Test (2026-03)
MotorTrend: 2026 Volvo XC60 T8 PHEV First Test (T8 AWD Ultra) (2026-03)
MotorTrend: 2027 Kia Telluride Hybrid First Test (SX Prestige AWD) (2026-04)
MotorTrend: 2027 Kia Telluride X-Pro First Test (X-Pro SX Prestige) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: 2027 Tesla Model Y L First Test: Better Ride, Bigger Trade-Offs (2026-10)
MotorTrend: Compact EV SUV comparison: Model Y vs. six others (2025 Ioniq 5 Limited AWD) (2025-08)
MotorTrend: Tested: The 2026 Hyundai Palisade Hybrid Finally Gets It Right (Hybrid Calligraphy AWD) (2026-10)
MotorTrend: We Tested the 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan Turbo (SEL R-Line Turbo) (2025-12)
MotorWeek: 2026 Audi Q3 road test (2026-10)
Transportation Human Factors: Green, M. (2000) "How long does it take to stop?" Methodological analysis of driver perception-brake times, 2(3):195–216 (2000-09)

Manufacturers

American Honda: 2026 Accord trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,295 destination) (2026-10)
American Honda: 2026 Civic Sedan trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,295 destination) (2026-10)
American Honda: 2026 CR-V trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,450 destination) (2026-10)
American Honda: 2026 Prologue trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,495 destination) (2026-10)
Audi AG (Audi MediaCenter): Technical data: Audi Q3 45 TFSI quattro S tronic 180 kW (Germany, June 2025): gear ratios, Cd, frontal area (2025-06)
Audi of America (media.audiusa.com): All-new 2026 Audi Q3: pricing and specifications ($43,700 MSRP, $1,395 destination; wheels, cargo, towing) (2026-08)
Audi of America (media.audiusa.com): Audi Q3 model page: 2027 Q3 S line quattro ($44,400; 130-mph governed top speed; 3,968 lb) (2026-10)
BMW Group PressClub: The new BMW X3: technical specifications (Cd × A, gear ratios, dimension drawings) (2024-06)
BMW Group PressClub: The new BMW X5: press kit (model variants, outputs, Cd summary) (2026-06)
BMW Group PressClub: The new BMW X5: technical specifications (Cd × A, tracks, gear ratios, turning circle; dimension drawing on page 11) (2026-06)
BMW Group PressClub USA: The All-New 2025 BMW X3 (US specifications: 30 xDrive and M50 xDrive) (2024-06)
BMW Group PressClub USA: The New BMW X5 and iX5 (US prices, outputs, 0–60 mph, 50e battery and range; June 30, 2026) (2026-06)
BMW of North America: 2026 BMW X3 30 xDrive: starting MSRP $51,300, excludes destination (2026-10)
BMW of North America: 2026 BMW X3 M50 xDrive: starting MSRP $66,500, excludes destination (2026-10)
BMW of North America: 2027 BMW X5 overview and FAQ (7,710-lb towing capacity, 40 xDrive) (2026-10)
BMW of North America: 2027 BMW X5 technical data (dimensions, curb weights, cargo, fuel capacity, top speed) (2026-10)
Chevrolet: 2019 Silverado 1500 catalog (0.38 drag coefficient, aerodynamics) (2026-10)
Chevrolet: 2026 Equinox EV: trims and starting MSRP (LT 1 $34,995, excludes destination), 85-kWh battery (2026-10)
Chevrolet: 2026 Silverado 1500 maximum trailering ratings (conventional and fifth-wheel, by cab, bed, drive and engine) (2026-10)
Chevrolet: 2026 Silverado 1500: engines, trims and starting prices (2026-10)
Chevrolet: Destination freight charges (2026 Equinox EV: $1,800) (2026-10)
Chevrolet: Destination freight charges by model ($1,995 for the 2026 Traverse) (2026-10)
Ford: 2026 F-150 order guide (equipment groups, PowerBoost requirements) (2025)
Ford: 2026 F-150 specifications (dimensions, box, weights, payload, towing, engines, interior) (2026-10)
Ford: 2026 F-150 XLT model details (ESOF 4x4, 275/65R18 tires, fuel tanks) (2026-10)
Ford: 2026 Ford RV & Trailer Towing Guide (F-150 conventional towing tables; dealer-hosted copy) (2026)
Ford: 2026MY F-150 price list (base and option prices; dealer-hosted copy) (2026)
Ford Media: 2021 F-150 technical specifications (10R80 and modular hybrid transmission gear ratios) (2020-06)
Ford Media: F-150 PowerBoost graphic (1.5-kWh battery, 35-kW motor) (2020-06)
Ford Media Center: 2025 Ford Explorer technical specifications (engines, transmission ratios, axle, fuel capacity, tires) (2026-10)
Ford Motor Company: 2026 Ford Explorer models and specs (dimensions, interior room, cargo, towing, engines) (2026-10)
GM News: What Chevrolet electric vehicles are available to buy right now? (2026 Equinox EV: 220 hp / 243 lb-ft FWD, 300 hp / 355 lb-ft AWD) (2026-08)
GM Upfitter: 2026 Blazer EV PPV specification guide (overhangs, cargo dimensions) (2025-12)
GM Upfitter: 2026 Chevrolet Equinox EV Specification Guide (dimensions, interior, cargo, tires, brakes, EPA ratings) (2026-07)
Honda Canada: 2026 Honda Civic Sedan specifications (ground clearance 134 mm) (2026-10)
Honda Info Center (American Honda): 2026 Honda Prologue colors by trim (2026-10)
Honda News (American Honda): 2023 Honda Accord press kit (two-motor hybrid, battery location, CVT Step-Shift) (2022-11)
Honda News (American Honda): 2025 Honda Civic Sedan Specifications & Features (the C/D test cars’ model year) (2024-06)
Honda News (American Honda): 2026 Honda Accord Specifications & Features (2025-12)
Honda News (American Honda): 2026 Honda Civic Sedan Pricing and EPA Ratings ($1,195 destination) (2026-01)
Honda News (American Honda): 2026 Honda Civic Sedan Specifications & Features (2025-08)
Honda News (American Honda): 2026 Honda CR-V Pricing and EPA Ratings ($1,450 destination) (2025-08)
Honda News (American Honda): 2026 Honda CR-V Specifications & Features (2025-08)
Honda News (American Honda): 2026 Honda Prologue Specifications & Features (2025-10)
Honda News (American Honda): Honda two-motor hybrid-electric powertrain (1.06-kWh pack, lock-up clutches) (2026-10)
Honda News (American Honda): New 2025 Honda Civic gains hybrid trims (Active Noise Control, wheel resonators, hybrid-specific tire and damping) (2024-05)
Honda UK: Civic e:HEV specifications (1.05-kWh, 72-cell battery) (2026-10)
Hyundai Motor America: 2023 Ioniq 5 product guide specifications (front and rear overhang) (2022-06)
Hyundai Motor America: 2025 Ioniq 5 N product guide specifications (overhangs, brakes) (2024-04)
Hyundai Motor America: 2026 Ioniq 5 compare specs (all trims) (2026-10)
Hyundai Motor America: 2026 Ioniq 5 N specifications (2026-10)
Hyundai Motor America: 2026 Tucson features & specs (trims, MSRP, weights, interior, cargo) (2026-10)
Hyundai Motor America: 2026 Tucson Hybrid features & specs (trims, MSRP, motor, battery, weights) (2026-10)
Hyundai Motor America: Hyundai earns 2026 IIHS Top Safety Pick awards (Ioniq 5 TSP+, excludes Ioniq 5 N) (2026-03)
Hyundai Motor America: New Bigger, Better 2026 Hyundai Palisade Releases Compelling Pricing Strategy (July 2025 MSRP, $1,495 freight) (2025-07)
Hyundai Motor America (PR Newswire): 2026 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid lineup expands, gains Night AWD trim ($1,600 freight for 26MY Tucson) (2026-06)
Hyundai Motor America (PR Newswire): Hyundai lowers price on 2026 Ioniq 5 EV lineup (Limited AWD $48,975, $1,600 freight) (2025-10)
Hyundai Motor America (PR Newswire): Track-ready 2026 Hyundai Ioniq 5 N priced at $59,900 ($1,600 destination) (2026-07)
Hyundai Motor America Newsroom: 2025 Tucson specifications and features (track by wheel size, Cd 0.33) (2024-12)
Hyundai Motor America Newsroom: All-New 2026 Hyundai Palisade Makes “Bigger, Better, Further” Debut at the New York International Auto Show (0.31 Cd) (2025-04)
Hyundai Motor Company Australia: MY26 Tucson specification sheet (hybrid 6-speed ratios, 3.320 final drive) (2026-10)
Hyundai USA: 2026 Palisade Hybrid Calligraphy specifications and trim comparison (MSRP, battery, motor, weights, interior, cargo) (2026-10)
Hyundai USA: 2026 Palisade Hybrid starting MSRP by trim (Hybrid Calligraphy $56,780 FWD; HTRAC AWD +$2,000) (2026-10)
Hyundai USA: 2026 Palisade specifications and trim comparison (MSRP, dimensions, weights, interior, cargo, tires, towing) (2026-10)
Hyundai USA: 2026 Palisade starting MSRP by trim (Calligraphy $54,560 FWD; HTRAC AWD +$2,000) (2026-10)
Kia America Newsroom: 2027 Kia Telluride HEV specifications (gear ratios, weights, interior, cargo) (2026-10)
Kia America Newsroom: 2027 Kia Telluride specifications (gear ratios, weights, interior, cargo) (2026-10)
Kia America Newsroom: 2027 Telluride HEV MSRP by trim and $1,545 destination (Kia price list; kia.com starting MSRP cross-checked) (2026-10)
Kia America Newsroom: 2027 Telluride MSRP by trim and $1,545 destination (Kia price list; kia.com starting MSRP cross-checked) (2026-10)
Kia America Newsroom: Kia America announces pricing for first-ever 2027 Kia Telluride HEV (1.65-kWh battery) (2026-02)
Lexus: 2026 RX grades, starting MSRP, 0–60 estimates, top speed and fuel capacity; $1,550 RX delivery, processing and handling fee (Lexus pricing disclaimer) (2026-10)
Lexus Canada: 2024 TX Specifications (three-decimal gear ratios, caliper types) (2024-05)
Lexus Canada: 2026 RX Product Information (dimensions, overhangs, Cd, gear ratios, weights, motors, battery, interior) (2026-10)
Lexus Canada: 2026 TX Product Information (dimensions, overhangs, Cd, gear ratios, weights, motors, battery, brakes, interior) (2025-12)
Lexus USA Newsroom: 2026 Lexus RX: Extending the Range (specifications, brakes; MSRP + DPH price list updated June 19, 2026) (2026-06)
Lexus USA Newsroom: Style, Utility, and Comfort: The 2026 Lexus TX (outputs, cargo, MSRP + DPH price list updated June 19, 2026) (2026-06)
Mazda Canada: 2025 Mazda CX-50 Specifications & Features (track and ground clearance by wheel size) (2024-09)
Mazda Technical Review No. 42: Aerodynamic Development for All-New CX-5 Adapting Flow Control Technology (Cd −5%, Cd·A −2% vs the previous CX-5) (2026-05)
Mazda USA: 2026 CX-5 trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,595 destination) (2026-10)
Mazda USA: 2026 CX-50 Hybrid owner’s manual: vehicle specification (Mazda files this page under the gas manual’s path) (2026-10)
Mazda USA: 2026 CX-50 Hybrid trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,595 destination) (2026-10)
Mazda USA: 2026 CX-50 owner’s manual: vehicle specification, gas models (Mazda files this page under the hybrid manual’s path) (2026-10)
Mazda USA: 2026 CX-50 trims and starting MSRP (excludes $1,595 destination) (2026-10)
Mazda USA News: 2026 Mazda CX-5 Spec Deck (engine, gearing, chassis, dimensions, H-points, cargo, weights) (2026-01)
Mazda USA News: 2026 Mazda CX-50 Spec Deck (engines, gearing, dimensions, interior, cargo, weights, battery) (2025-09)
Mazda USA News: 2026 Mazda CX-50: Pricing and Packaging ($1,595 destination) (2025-09)
Mazda USA News: Mazda Announces Pricing and Packaging for All-New 2026 Mazda CX-5 (destination $1,595 from August 11) (2026-01)
Mercedes-Benz AG (press kit): The new GLC: press kit (Cd 0.29, frontal area 2.60 m², dimensions) (2022-06)
Mercedes-Benz Canada: 2026 GLC 300 4MATIC SUV specifications (dimensions, track, turning circle) (2026-10)
Mercedes-Benz USA: GLC 300 4MATIC SUV specifications (mbusa.com, now showing model year 2027) (2026-10)
Mercedes-Benz USA: GLC 350e 4MATIC SUV specifications (mbusa.com, now showing model year 2027) (2026-10)
Mercedes-Benz USA (media.mbusa.com): 2026 Mercedes-Benz model line updates and pricing (GLC 300 4MATIC $51,550, GLC 350e 4MATIC $60,300; excludes $1,250 destination) (2025-09)
Mercedes-Benz USA (media.mbusa.com): Mercedes-Benz GLC plug-in hybrid SUV offers best-in-segment all-electric range of 54 miles (Aug 23, 2024) (2024-08)
Porsche Cars North America: Macan 4 Electric US configurator price, $2,350 delivery (2026-09)
Porsche Cars North America: MY 2025 Macan Electric US specifications (2024-07)
Porsche Newsroom: Technical data: Macan 4 (EU) (2024-02)
Porsche Newsroom USA: Updated Model Year 2026 Macan Electric (2025-08)
Subaru Canada: 2025 Forester specifications (CVT and manual-mode ratios, tachometer redline) (2026-10)
Subaru of America: 2026 Forester pricing (Sport $34,795, Touring Hybrid $41,545; $1,450 destination) (2026-10)
Subaru of America: 2026 Forester retail pricing sheet (destination $1,450; $1,600 in Alaska) (2026-10)
Subaru of America: 2026 Forester specifications (dimensions, weights, engines, brakes, interior, cargo) (2025-03)
Tesla: Cybertruck design studio (US prices: Premium AWD $84,990, Cyberbeast $99,990; wheel and tire options) (2026-10)
Tesla: Cybertruck Owner’s Manual (North America): dimensions, weights, cargo volumes (2026-10)
Tesla: Cybertruck Owner’s Manual (North America): wheel and tire specifications (2026-10)
Tesla: Cybertruck Owner’s Manual, software 2026.2.8 (motors, drive ratio, steering, brakes, suspension) (2026-10)
Tesla: Cybertruck: specs (range, 0-60, top speed, towing, curb weight, battery) (2026-10)
Tesla: Model 3 Owner’s Manual (2024+ Highland): dimensions, subsystems, wheels and tires (2026-09)
Tesla: Model 3: US prices with destination and order fees, curb mass (2026-09)
Tesla: Model S Owner’s Manual (2021+, North America): dimensions and cargo volume (2026-10)
Tesla: Model S Owner’s Manual (2021+, North America): subsystems (motors, ratios, steering, brakes) (2026-10)
Tesla: Model S: specs (0-60, top speed, peak power, Cd, curb mass) and end-of-production notice (2026-10)
Tesla: Model X Owner’s Manual: specifications (2024 edition) (2024-06)
Tesla: Model Y design studio: US prices, destination and order fee (2026-09)
Tesla: Model Y L Premium specifications and price (US) (2026-10)
Tesla: Model Y Owner’s Manual: Dimensions (Model Y L 6-seater exterior, interior and cargo) (2026-10)
Tesla Service: 2021+ Model S replacement tire information (Tesla-approved tires) (2026-10)
Tesla Service: 2024+ Model 3 replacement tire information (factory T0 tires) (2026-09)
Toyota: 2023 Crown eBrochure: specifications (track by grade, ground clearance); same generation as 2026 (2026-10)
Toyota: 2025 Camry eBrochure: specifications (dimensions, weights, tires, interior, cargo) (2024-06)
Toyota: 2026 Camry eBrochure: specifications (engine, motors, brakes, EPA ratings) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Camry trims and starting MSRP (AWD +$1,525) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Corolla and Corolla Hybrid trims and starting MSRP (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Corolla Cross and Corolla Cross Hybrid trims and starting MSRP (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Corolla Cross eBrochure: specifications (engines, ground clearance, EPA ratings) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Corolla eBrochure: specifications (engines, brakes, suspension, wheels and tires) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Crown eBrochure (grades, wheels, Advanced Technology package) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Crown trims and base MSRP (XLE $41,440, Limited $45,950, Nightshade $48,765, Platinum $54,990) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Grand Highlander trims and base MSRP; $1,595 delivery, processing and handling for Mid SUV/Van (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Land Cruiser eBrochure (powertrain, 1.87-kWh battery, differentials, SDM, wheels, colours) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 RAV4 trims and MSRP, $1,450 delivery, processing and handling (2026-09)
Toyota: 2026 Tacoma (trims and starting MSRPs) (2026-10)
Toyota: 2026 Tacoma product information and specifications (engines, ratios, dimensions, bed, interior, brakes, turning radius; forum-hosted copy) (2025)
Toyota: Toyota.com financial-estimate disclosures: $1,295 delivery, processing and handling for Cars (Corolla, Corolla HV) (2026-10)
Toyota: Toyota.com financial-estimate disclosures: $1,595 delivery, processing and handling for Entry SUV (Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross HV) (2026-10)
Toyota: Toyota.com offer disclosures: $1,295 delivery, processing and handling for cars incl. Camry (2026-09)
Toyota (2026 Corolla Owner’s Manual, via AutoUserGuide): 2026 Corolla Owner’s Manual: specifications (dimensions, tread, fuel tank) (2026-10)
Toyota (BuyaToyota.com): 2026 Corolla Hybrid trims and base MSRP (Hybrid SE AWD) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2024 Grand Highlander Gas specifications (metric dimensions, ground clearance) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2025 Camry Product Information (motor outputs, battery, anti-roll bars) (2024-04)
Toyota Canada: 2025 Corolla Cross Product Information (gas engine, CVT, brakes, chassis; mechanicals carried into 2026) (2024-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 Corolla Cross and Corolla Cross Hybrid specifications summary (dimensions, tread, weights, cargo, tanks) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 Corolla Cross Hybrid Product Information (engine, motor, battery, brakes, chassis, interior) (2025-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 Corolla Hybrid Product Information (engine, motors, chassis, dimensions, interior) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 Crown Product Information (dimensions, weights, motors, battery, anti-roll bars, interior, cargo) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 Grand Highlander Product Information (gear ratios, weights, battery, interior, cargo) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 Land Cruiser Product Information (gear ratios, transfer case, tank, tires by grade) (2026-10)
Toyota Canada: 2026 RAV4 Hybrid product information (dimensions, brakes, tires) (2026-01)
Toyota UK: New Corolla press pack (1.8 Hybrid lithium-ion battery: cell count and capacity) (2023-06)
Toyota UK: Toyota Land Cruiser technical specifications (250 series: overhangs, brake discs) (2026-02)
Toyota USA Newsroom: 2024 Toyota Grand Highlander Touches Down in Driveways This Summer (0–60 mph estimates) (2023-05)
Toyota USA Newsroom: 2025 Camry Product Information, US press kit (tread width by grade; copy hosted by PriusChat) (2024-04)
Toyota USA Newsroom: 2026 Land Cruiser: Built to Explore, Designed to Impress (grades, colours, $57,200 launch MSRP) (2025-09)
Toyota USA Newsroom: Assembled in America and Arriving Now: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross (2025-09)
Toyota USA Newsroom: Bold and Compact: The 2026 Toyota Corolla Offers Impressive Features and Technology (2025-07)
Toyota USA Newsroom: Comfort and Style Mile After Mile in the 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander (2025-07)
Toyota USA Newsroom: The 2026 Toyota Crown Brings a Blend of Bold and Unique Features to the Road Ahead (2025-04)
Toyota USA Newsroom: The Next Adventure Begins: 2026 RAV4 Arrives this Winter (2025-11)
Toyota USA Newsroom: The Toyota Corolla Hybrid Brings Efficiency and Style into 2026 (2026-10)
Toyota USA Newsroom: Toyota Camry Brings Bold New Nightshade Edition to Lineup in 2026 (2025-05)
Toyota USA Newsroom: Toyota Camry Goes Exclusively Hybrid Plus a New Look and More Technology (2025 Camry launch) (2024-04)
Valor Ford: 2026 Ford Explorer trims and pricing: Ford MSRP by trim and $1,795 destination (dealer reproduction of Ford’s price list) (2026-10)
Volkswagen of America: 2026 Tiguan: starting MSRP (S $30,805; SEL R-Line Turbo), excludes destination (2026-10)
Volkswagen of America (dealer-hosted): 2026 Tiguan order guide: trims, wheels, headlamps, colors (2025-10)
Volkswagen of America (media.vw.com): 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan Technical Specifications (2026-10)
Volvo Car Canada Media: XC40 Recharge / EX40 technical data (motors, battery, track, drag coefficient, frontal area) (2026-10)
Volvo Car UK Media Newsroom: XC60 technical data (drag coefficient, frontal area, engine speeds) (2026-09)
Volvo Car USA: 2026 XC90 brochure (trims, wheels, T8 engine and motor outputs) (2026-09)
Volvo Car USA: 2026 XC90 plug-in hybrid equipment levels and starting MSRP (2026-09)
Volvo Car USA: 2026 XC90 plug-in hybrid specifications, T8 AWD (2026-09)
Volvo Car USA: 2026 XC90 specifications, B5 and B6 AWD (dimensions, weights, power, cargo) (2026-09)
Volvo Cars (archived by the Volvo Owners Club): Volvo XC90 Technical Specifications, Model Year 2025 (B5 AWD, T8 AWD; European specification) (2026-09)
Volvo Cars USA: 2026 EX40 offers and starting MSRP (includes $1,395 destination) (2026-10)
Volvo Cars USA: 2026 EX40 specifications (Single Motor Extended Range and Twin Motor) (2026-10)
Volvo Cars USA: 2026 XC60 mild hybrid specifications (B5 AWD) (2026-09)
Volvo Cars USA: 2026 XC60 plug-in hybrid specifications (T8 AWD) (2026-09)
Volvo Cars USA: 2026 XC60 plug-in hybrid trims and starting MSRP (includes destination) (2026-09)
Volvo Cars USA: 2026 XC60 trims and starting MSRP (includes $1,395 destination) (2026-09)
Volvo Cars USA: EX40: “no longer available as a new vehicle in the US” (2026-10)
Volvo Cars USA customer care: XC60 ground clearance (steel springs vs air suspension) (2026-09)
Volvo Support: XC60 engine specifications (B420T11 B5 AWD) (2026-09)
Volvo Support: XC60 plug-in hybrid engine and rear-motor specifications (T8 AWD) (2026-09)
Volvo Support US: EX40 vehicle dimensions (updated 03/30/2026) (2026-10)
Volvo Support US: XC60 vehicle dimensions (updated 03/30/2026) (2026-09)
Yokohama Rubber: Geolandar X-CV and Geolandar A/T G31 factory-equipped on the 250-series Land Cruiser (245/70R18 110H) (2024-04)

Databases and research

AAA: Your Driving Costs 2025 (five years, 75,000 miles) (2025-09)
Audi Elk Grove (Audi dealer): 2026 Audi Q3 specs: 255 hp at 5,250–6,500 rpm, 273 lb-ft at 1,650–4,500 rpm (2026-10)
Auto123 (Chrome Data): 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross specifications: CVT launch gear and belt ratios, final drive (2026-10)
AutoFinder: 2026 Chevrolet Equinox EV starting MSRP by trim (AWD LT 2 $45,095) (2026-10)
AutomartUSA (Chrome Data): 2026 Toyota RAV4 LE specifications (2026-09)
BMWBlog: 2027 BMW X5 Configurator Is Live In The US (40 xDrive only; Clear & Bold option mandatory at launch) (2026-07)
Bugl et al., DAS-DAGA 2025: Synthesis of electric-vehicle interior sound: motor, gear-mesh and inverter orders (2025-03)
Car and Driver: 2026 Chevrolet Blazer EV FWD LT features and specs (11.59 final drive) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Toyota Corolla LE specs (weight, dimensions, CVT ratios, interior) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volvo EX40 Ultra Black Edition Twin Motor AWD features and specs (gear ratio, brakes, wheels) (2026-10)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volvo XC60 Core B5 AWD features and specs (gear ratios, brakes) (2026-09)
Car and Driver: 2026 Volvo XC60 Hybrid Core T8 AWD features and specs (gear ratios) (2026-09)
Car and Driver (Chrome data): 2026 Chevrolet Traverse FWD LT features and specs (dimensions, interior, cargo, brakes, tires, engine) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2025 Volkswagen Tiguan SE R-Line Black 2.0T 4MOTION features and specs (3.33 axle ratio) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Audi Q3 S line quattro features and specs (dimensions, interior room, tank, turning circle) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 BMW X3 30 xDrive features and specs (4,001-lb towing, 3.39 axle, 13.0-in rotors) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Lexus RX 350 features and specs (gear ratios, 3.33 axle, 19-in wheels and P235/60VR19 tires) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC 300 SUV features and specs (9-speed gear ratios) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Silverado 1500 LT Crew Cab short box 4WD specifications (dimensions, bed, brakes, tires) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Silverado 1500 ZR2 specifications (dimensions, bed, brakes, tires) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Toyota Crown XLE AWD features and specs (track, ground clearance, curb weight, tires) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander LE FWD features and specs (track, axle ratio, turning circle) (2026-10)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Volvo XC90 Core B5 AWD 7-Seater features and specs (2026-09)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2026 Volvo XC90 Hybrid Core T8 AWD 7-Seater features and specs (2026-09)
Car and Driver (Chrome Data): 2027 BMW X5 40 xDrive features and specs (255/50R21 · 285/45R21 all-season tires) (2026-10)
CarExpert: 2026 Audi Q3 (Australia) price and specifications: 183-mm ground clearance (2026-10)
CarExpert: 2026 Tesla Model Y L Premium Long Range dimensions (turning circle, tracks) (2026-10)
Cars.com: 2026 Tesla Model S trims and starting prices ($109,990 AWD, $124,990 Plaid) (2026-10)
Cars.com: 2026 Toyota Tacoma research (trim prices including the $1,745 destination fee, August 2026) (2026-08)
Cars.com: How Much Is the 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander? (AWD +$1,600) (2026-10)
Carscoops: Tesla raised Model S and X inventory prices by $15,000 (April 2026) (2026-04)
Carweek: Compare 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser trims (track widths, wheel and tire sizes by grade) (2026-10)
DAGA 2009 (DEGA): Tire cavity resonance: f = c / mean circumference of the air ring (2009-03)
Driving.ca: 2026 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 LT 4WD Crew Cab Short Box specifications (track width) (2026-10)
Driving.ca: 2026 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 ZR2 4WD Crew Cab Short Box specifications (track width) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Lexus RX 350h F SPORT Design AWD specs (curb weight, wheels and tires, ground clearance, towing, MSRP) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Lexus TX 350 FWD specs (headroom without the panoramic roof) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Lexus TX 350 Premium AWD specs (manufacturer 0–60 mph, headroom with the panoramic roof) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Lexus TX 500h F SPORT Performance Premium specs (manufacturer 0–60 mph, curb weight, MSRP) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Tesla Model 3 Premium AWD specs and features (Tesla data) (2026-09)
Edmunds: 2026 Tesla Model X pricing (MSRP $99,990 + $1,390 destination) (2026-09)
Edmunds: 2026 Tesla Model X specs and features (Tesla data) (2026-09)
Edmunds: 2026 Tesla Model Y trims and specifications (Tesla data) (2026-07)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota Crown trims comparison (MSRP including the $1,295 destination fee; tire sizes) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid MAX Limited specs (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser (Land Cruiser grade) specs and options (MSRP, curb weight, SDM option) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser 1958 specs (MSRP, curb weight, dimensions, cargo, colours) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid XSE specs (2026-09)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota Tacoma Trailhunter Double Cab 5’ Bed 4WD features and specs (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Toyota Tacoma TRD Off-Road Double Cab 5’ Bed AT 4WD features and specs (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Volvo EX40 specs and features (turning circle, tires, interior) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Volvo EX40 trims comparison (prices including destination, tire sizes) (2026-10)
Edmunds: 2026 Volvo XC60 specs and features (prices, curb weight, tires, interior) (2026-09)
EV Specifications: 2025 Tesla Model X specifications (Tesla data) (2025-06)
EV Specifications: 2026 Tesla Model 3 North America trim comparison (Tesla data) (2026-09)
EV Specifications: 2026 Tesla Model Y North America trim comparison (Tesla data) (2025-10)
Fields Motorcars (dealer spec data): 2026 Mercedes-Benz GLC 300 SUV showroom: off-road geometry (187 mm max ground clearance) (2026-10)
Ford Authority: 2026–2027 Ford Explorer EcoBoost V6 drops 15 horsepower in some states (2026-06)
Gateway Toyota: New 2026 Toyota Crown Limited window sticker: Advanced Technology package $3,570 (2026-10)
GizmoDriver: 2026 Chevrolet Traverse turning circle by trim (2026-10)
GM Authority: 2026 Chevy Equinox EV gets MSRP drop, freight charge boost (prices by trim and drive, with $1,800 destination) (2026-01)
GM Authority: 2026 Chevy Silverado 1500 gets price increase (MSRP + destination by trim, configuration and engine) (2025-12)
GM Authority: 2026 Chevy Traverse gets destination freight charge increase (MSRP plus destination by trim) (2026-01)
GM Authority: Here are the 2026 Chevy Silverado 1500 payload capacities (GM table by cab, bed, drive and engine) (2026-03)
Honda Genuine Parts (dealer catalog): Prologue tire 255/60R19 109H Bridgestone Alenza A/S 02 EV-tuned (part 42751-BRI-132) (2026-10)
InsideEVs: Honda Slashes Prologue EV SUV Prices By $7,500 (EX $39,900, Elite $50,400, $1,495 destination) (2026-04)
iSeeCars: 2026 BMW X3 dimensions (head, leg and shoulder room) (2026-10)
iSeeCars: 2026 BMW X3 price, invoice and $1,350 destination charge (2026-10)
iSeeCars: 2026 Hyundai Tucson MSRP and destination by style (AWD SEL $32,550; $1,650 destination) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Chevrolet Traverse AWD Z71 specifications (dimensions, track, curb weight, fuel tank) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD SuperCrew 5.5’ Box pricing (MSRP $51,915) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Lexus TX 350 AWD specs (curb weight, wheels and tires) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Tesla Model 3 Performance AWD specifications (2026-09)
J.D. Power: 2026 Tesla Model 3 Premium RWD specifications (2026-09)
J.D. Power: 2026 Toyota Camry LE specifications (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid XSE 4WD specifications (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Toyota Corolla Cross XLE 4WD specifications (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Toyota Corolla Hybrid SE AWD specifications (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser 1958 4WD specifications (interior room, track, GVWR) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan review (SEL R-Line Turbo; $1,475 destination) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2026 Volkswagen Tiguan SE R-Line Black 4MOTION pricing (MSRP $38,745) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2027 Kia Telluride Hybrid SX-Prestige AWD specifications (track width) (2026-10)
J.D. Power: 2027 Kia Telluride X-Line SX-Prestige AWD specifications (track width) (2026-10)
Kelley Blue Book: 2026 Ford Explorer specs (turning diameter) (2026-10)
Kelley Blue Book: 2026 Toyota RAV4 XLE Premium specs (2026-09)
Kelley Blue Book: 2027 Tesla Model Y L specs (towing, curb weight) (2026-10)
Kelley Blue Book: Hyundai Nails Down 2026 Palisade Starting Prices ($1,600 destination) (2025-09)
MotorTrend: 2026 Volvo XC90 review, trims and pricing (2026-09)
Mountain Pass Performance: Tesla Model S, 3, X, Y brake calipers, pads and rotors (caliper types) (2026-09)
otoba.ru: GM 8T65 (MF8) eight-speed automatic: gear ratios (2026-10)
Pirelli: Scorpion Verde All Season 275/45R20 110V XL VOL (Volvo fitment) (2026-09)
S. S. Stevens, JASA 27 (1955): The measurement of loudness: +10 dB is about twice as loud (1955-09)
SimpleTire: 2025 Ford Explorer OE tires by trim (Active: Hankook Kinergy GT H436 255/65R18 111H) (2026-10)
TechCrunch: Tesla Cybertruck delivery event: everything Elon revealed (0.335 drag coefficient) (2023-12)
The Car Connection: 2025 Chevrolet Blazer EV AWD LT specifications (11.59 front / 10.99 rear final drive) (2026-10)
The Car Connection: 2025 Ford F-150 specifications (turning diameter, brake rotor diameters) (2026-10)
The Car Connection: 2026 Ford Explorer specifications (cargo volume to the 2nd and 3rd rows) (2026-10)
The Car Connection: 2026 Hyundai Tucson specifications (8-speed ratios, 3.65 axle, track) (2026-10)
The Car Connection (Chrome Data): 2026 Hyundai Palisade Calligraphy AWD specifications (track, gear ratios, final drive) (2026-10)
TruckDimensions: Ford F-150 14th generation (2021–) SuperCrew dimensions (box width at floor) (2026-10)
U.S. News: 2026 Toyota Land Cruiser 1958 4WD specs (cargo volume) (2026-10)
Velocity Journal: Chevrolet Traverse (2024–) specifications: overhangs and approach/departure angles by trim (2026-10)